Scientific Calculator
Use this free online scientific calculator for trigonometry, logarithms, exponents, factorial, percent, and parentheses. The full button grid covers sin, cos, tan and their inverses (with a degrees/radians toggle), log base 10 and natural log, square root, x², xʸ, x!, pi, and e. Expressions are evaluated with a small custom parser (not eval), so the calculator is fast, safe, and works fully offline once loaded.
The calculator follows the standard PEMDAS / BODMAS order of operations. The DEG / RAD toggle in the top right of the display switches the angle mode for the trig functions; mixing the two is a common source of wrong answers, so verify the mode for any problem.
Everything you need for scientific math
Six features that cover school, college, and engineering arithmetic.
Trig functions
sin, cos, tan and their inverses (sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, tan⁻¹) with a degrees / radians toggle.
Logarithms and roots
log base 10, natural log (ln), and the square root function.
Powers and factorials
x², xʸ, and x! for squaring, raising to a power, and factorials up to 170.
Constants and percent
pi, e, and percent for everyday and scientific work.
Parentheses for grouping
Group operations to control order of evaluation, supporting any depth of nesting.
100% private, runs in browser
Expressions evaluated locally with a safe custom parser (no eval). Nothing sent to a server.
Who uses a scientific calculator?
Anyone working with math beyond the four basic operations.
School and college math
Trigonometry, logarithms, factorial in stats: everything a calculator with no formula sheet should do.
Physics and engineering
Quick calculations with degrees, radians, and exponents in any field that uses formulas.
Statistics and probability
Factorials, percents, and exponents for combinations, permutations, and probability arithmetic.
Finance basics
Compound interest, exponential growth, decay using xʸ and pi for cyclic functions.
Quick everyday math
When the built-in calculator is too basic and a full math package is overkill, this lives in the middle.
Teaching and tutoring
Live demonstration of order of operations, parentheses, and standard scientific functions.
About the scientific calculator
A clear guide to the functions, the math, and how the calculator works.
What is a scientific calculator?
A scientific calculator handles the operations standard school and engineering math require beyond the four basic ones: trigonometric functions, logarithms, exponents, square roots, factorials, percent, and useful constants like pi and e. Most physical scientific calculators (Casio, Texas Instruments) also include statistical functions, programming, and graphing; this calculator focuses on the everyday scientific functions in a clean web interface.
Trigonometric functions
sin, cos, and tan calculate the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle. The inverse versions (sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, tan⁻¹) take a ratio and return the angle whose sin or cos is that ratio. The DEG / RAD toggle changes the unit of the angle: degrees for everyday angles (90 for a right angle), radians for calculus and physics that use radians directly. The wrong mode is the single most common cause of wrong answers in trig problems.
Logarithms
log is log base 10 (common logarithm). ln is the natural logarithm (base e, about 2.718). Both are defined only for positive numbers, so log of zero or a negative number gives an error. log10 and ln are inverses of 10^x and e^x respectively. To compute a log in a different base, use the change-of-base formula: log_b(x) = ln(x) / ln(b).
Powers and exponents
x² squares the current value, equivalent to x raised to the power 2. xʸ raises any base to any power, including non-integer and negative exponents. The calculator uses Math.pow internally, so it handles all real-number exponents. For e^x specifically, type e xʸ x.
The factorial function
n! (n factorial) is the product of all positive integers up to n. 5! = 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 120. Factorials appear in counting problems, combinations, permutations, and probability formulas. The calculator handles factorials up to 170! (above that, the result overflows to infinity in standard 64-bit floats). Factorial is only defined for non-negative integers.
The constants pi and e
pi is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately 3.14159. e is Euler's number, approximately 2.71828, the base of natural logarithms. Both are buttons on the calculator so you can use them as full-precision constants in any expression. JavaScript stores them as double-precision floats, accurate to about 15 significant digits.
Parentheses and order of operations
The calculator follows the standard PEMDAS / BODMAS order: parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left-to-right, then addition and subtraction left-to-right. Use parentheses to control the order: 2 + 3 * 4 is 14 (multiplication first), but (2 + 3) * 4 is 20 (addition first). The calculator supports any depth of nesting.
How expressions are evaluated
Each click builds up an expression string on the screen. When you press =, the calculator tokenises the expression and runs it through a small recursive-descent parser. There is no use of JavaScript's eval function, so the calculator is safe and predictable even for very long expressions. Any error (mismatched parentheses, divide by zero, etc.) shows as "Error" on the screen.
The clear and delete buttons
C clears the entire screen and resets the display to 0. DEL removes the last character entered, useful when you spot a single typo. Both are coloured red to distinguish them from operator buttons. The plus-minus (±) button negates the current expression by wrapping it in -(...), so you can flip the sign of the whole thing without retyping.
Frequently asked questions
If you don't find your question here, ask us directly.
Beyond the four basic operations, a scientific calculator handles trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan and their inverses), logarithms (log base 10 and natural log), exponents and powers, square roots, factorials, percentages, and the constants pi and e. This calculator covers all of those plus parentheses for grouping.
Click sin, cos, or tan to insert the function name with an opening parenthesis, then type the angle and close the parenthesis. The DEG/RAD toggle in the top right switches between degrees (typical for physics and engineering at school level) and radians (mathematical convention). The display shows the current mode.
Degrees divide a full circle into 360 parts; radians use the natural mathematical unit where a full circle is 2 pi radians. 90 degrees is pi/2 radians, 180 degrees is pi radians. Pick degrees for everyday angle problems and radians for calculus or physics that uses radians directly. The wrong mode is a common source of wrong answers.
sin-inverse, cos-inverse, and tan-inverse (often written as asin, acos, atan or sin⁻¹) take a value between minus one and one (for sin and cos) and return the angle whose sin or cos is that value. The result is in whichever mode (DEG or RAD) is currently active. For example, sin-inverse of 0.5 in DEG mode is 30 degrees.
Use the xʸ button. Type the base, click xʸ, then type the exponent. For example, 2 xʸ 10 = 1024. For squares, the x² button is a shortcut that appends "^2" to the current expression. For square roots use the √ button which inserts sqrt followed by an opening parenthesis.
Factorial of n (written n!) is the product of all positive integers up to n. 5! = 5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 120. Type the number and click x! to apply the factorial. The calculator handles factorials up to 170! (above that the result overflows to infinity).
The percent button divides by 100 in the current expression. So 50 + 10 percent gives 50 + 0.1 = 50.1, which is the mathematical reading of "fifty plus ten percent". To find ten percent of fifty, type 50 * 10% = 5.0. Different calculators interpret percent slightly differently; this one uses the strict mathematical reading.
Common causes: an invalid expression (mismatched parentheses, an operator at the end), dividing by zero, or trying a math operation that has no real result (square root of a negative number, log of zero or a negative number, factorial of a negative or non-integer). Press C to clear and try again.
Build the expression on the screen by clicking buttons in order. Parentheses group operations: 2 + 3 * 4 is 14 (multiplication first), but (2 + 3) * 4 is 20 (addition first). When you press = the calculator parses the whole expression and gives the answer. Use DEL to remove the last character and C to clear everything.
It negates the current expression by wrapping it in -(...). So if you have typed "5 + 3", pressing ± turns the screen into "-(5 + 3)", which evaluates to -8. If you only have a single number, it just changes the sign.
Yes. It implements the standard PEMDAS / BODMAS order: parentheses first, then exponents, then multiplication and division left-to-right, then addition and subtraction left-to-right. Factorials and percent are applied where they appear in the expression.
Yes. The calculator does not use eval. It tokenises the expression and runs it through a small custom recursive-descent parser. Only the operations the buttons can produce are recognised; anything else throws an error. This makes the calculator safe and predictable even for very long expressions.
Yes. Every calculation runs in your browser. Nothing is sent to a server, logged, or shared. You can use the calculator without an account and even offline once the page has loaded.
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